Application Examples - Brushless DC motors - IPM
Application examples with Model Files available
Calculating the steady-state ohmic and core losses in a BLDC motor with temperature effects
This is an example of a Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor with Interior Permanent Magnets (IPM). The goal of the analysis is to predict the steady-state temperature of the motor and verify if the rotor magnets will demagnetize at that temperature. A 3d transient thermal analysis coupled to a 3d transient with motion magnetic analysis is used to calculate the steady-state temperature distribution after a few hours of operation. This model exhibits the typical large disparity in thermal and magnetic time constants, as the thermal time step of 20 seconds, suitable for tracking the slowly changing temperature, is much longer than the entire transient magnetic run, which is only 16.667 ms (one period of the 60 Hz AC waveform). Therefore, the coupling will perform a full 3d transient magnetic analysis between selected thermal time steps, to compute the change in performance due to increased winding resistance and degraded magnetic properties.
This is an example of a Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor with Interior Permanent Magnets (IPM). The goal of the analysis is to predict the steady-state temperature of the motor and verify if the rotor magnets will demagnetize at that temperature. A 3d transient thermal analysis coupled to a 3d transient with motion magnetic analysis is used to calculate the steady-state temperature distribution after a few hours of operation. This model exhibits the typical large disparity in thermal and magnetic time constants, as the thermal time step of 20 seconds, suitable for tracking the slowly changing temperature, is much longer than the entire transient magnetic run, which is only 16.667 ms (one period of the 60 Hz AC waveform). Therefore, the coupling will perform a full 3d transient magnetic analysis between selected thermal time steps, to compute the change in performance due to increased winding resistance and degraded magnetic properties.
Advanced Optimisation of an IPM Machine
This example looks at the optimization of a 3-phase, 4-pole single-barrier IPM (interior permanent magnet) using the combined power of Simcenter MAGNET (as the core solution engine) and Simcenter MAGNET Design Optimisation. The goal is to optimise the motor's performance with respect to a reasonably realistic and complex objective function by changing a few simple geometric parameters (the size and position of the permanent magnets) and the advance angle (angle between the d-axis and the stator field).
This example looks at the optimization of a 3-phase, 4-pole single-barrier IPM (interior permanent magnet) using the combined power of Simcenter MAGNET (as the core solution engine) and Simcenter MAGNET Design Optimisation. The goal is to optimise the motor's performance with respect to a reasonably realistic and complex objective function by changing a few simple geometric parameters (the size and position of the permanent magnets) and the advance angle (angle between the d-axis and the stator field).
Core loss and efficiency calculations
Magnetic losses (also known as iron losses or core losses) are an area of growing interest in fields such as advanced electric machines and transformers. Traditionally, losses have been specified and calculated using empirical loss curves provided by manufacturers, which specify the power loss per unit mass at a given frequency as a function of the maximum magnetic flux density.
Magnetic losses (also known as iron losses or core losses) are an area of growing interest in fields such as advanced electric machines and transformers. Traditionally, losses have been specified and calculated using empirical loss curves provided by manufacturers, which specify the power loss per unit mass at a given frequency as a function of the maximum magnetic flux density.
Demagnetization of permanent magnet motors
Permanent magnets are used in many electrical machines and motors including various BDC motors, synchronous motors, loudspeakers, etc. When subjected to external magnetic fields and/or temperature changes, the magnetic properties of permanent magnets may change, leading to demagnetization, which may affect the performance of such machines. It is therefore very important to take this phenomenon into account when designing such machines.
Permanent magnets are used in many electrical machines and motors including various BDC motors, synchronous motors, loudspeakers, etc. When subjected to external magnetic fields and/or temperature changes, the magnetic properties of permanent magnets may change, leading to demagnetization, which may affect the performance of such machines. It is therefore very important to take this phenomenon into account when designing such machines.
Application Examples - Brushless DC motors - IPM
Other application examples (report only)
Ensuring electric machine efficiency
The task of the machine designer -- a tireless effort to optimise torque ripple, running torque, efficiency, cost and a whole host of other factors -- is now made easier with Simcenter MAGNET and Simcenter MAGNET Design Optimisation.
An IPM (interior permanent magnet) machine is optimised to minimise the torque ripple while maintaining a minimum running torque, ensuring that the back EMF does not exceed the supply voltage, with the additional constraints that the efficiency be at least 80% at both 1800 and 4000 rpm.
The design parameters include the geometry of the permanent magnet and the advance angle of the stator field.
The task of the machine designer -- a tireless effort to optimise torque ripple, running torque, efficiency, cost and a whole host of other factors -- is now made easier with Simcenter MAGNET and Simcenter MAGNET Design Optimisation.
An IPM (interior permanent magnet) machine is optimised to minimise the torque ripple while maintaining a minimum running torque, ensuring that the back EMF does not exceed the supply voltage, with the additional constraints that the efficiency be at least 80% at both 1800 and 4000 rpm.
The design parameters include the geometry of the permanent magnet and the advance angle of the stator field.
Optimising electromechanical and control circuit parameters of brushless motors
Optimising the performance of modern brushless DC motors typically requires evaluating both the electromechanical and control circuitry design factors –examining either in isolation yields only partial improvements.
Optimising the performance of modern brushless DC motors typically requires evaluating both the electromechanical and control circuitry design factors –examining either in isolation yields only partial improvements.
Iron loss calculations in laminated structures
Machine designers today wish to design more efficient electromagnetic and, electromechanical devices. Traditionally, the designer would use the Loss Curves provided by the material supplier at the appropriate frequency. These curves are based on Epstein frame measurements of a small sample, at various frequencies of a sinusoidal magnetic field.
Machine designers today wish to design more efficient electromagnetic and, electromechanical devices. Traditionally, the designer would use the Loss Curves provided by the material supplier at the appropriate frequency. These curves are based on Epstein frame measurements of a small sample, at various frequencies of a sinusoidal magnetic field.
Vibrations in electric motors - MpCCI FSIMapper case study
Electromagnetic forces in motors excite structural vibrations. They lead to material failure and to noise in the surrounding area.
To predict vibrations in early development phases, FSIMapper, a translation tool from Fraunhofer SCAI, provides the possibility to transfer the electromagnetic forces to structural NVH analyses.
Electromagnetic forces in motors excite structural vibrations. They lead to material failure and to noise in the surrounding area.
To predict vibrations in early development phases, FSIMapper, a translation tool from Fraunhofer SCAI, provides the possibility to transfer the electromagnetic forces to structural NVH analyses.
Application Examples - Brushless DC motors - IPM
There are two additional examples, demonstrating co-simulation - one with PSIM and the other with Simulink
Co-simulating current vector control of an IPM motor
This is an example of how the whole can be greater than the sum of its parts. The current vector control of an IPM (interior permanent magnet) motor is simulated here using the combined power of the PSIM circuit and systems simulator from PowerSim and Simcenter MAGNET.
This is a co-simulation in which both PSIM and Simcenter MAGNET run their transient solvers simultaneously, with a constant data exchange between the two to keep the shared quantities (voltages and currents) synchronized.
This is an example of how the whole can be greater than the sum of its parts. The current vector control of an IPM (interior permanent magnet) motor is simulated here using the combined power of the PSIM circuit and systems simulator from PowerSim and Simcenter MAGNET.
This is a co-simulation in which both PSIM and Simcenter MAGNET run their transient solvers simultaneously, with a constant data exchange between the two to keep the shared quantities (voltages and currents) synchronized.
IPM Motor with vector control in Simulink
The vector control of an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Brushless DC motor involves running both Simulink and Simcenter MAGNET transient solvers simultaneously.
Co-simulations allow the strengths of two separate simulators to be combined, in this case the powerful system-level simulation of Simulink with the dynamic electrical machine analysis of Simcenter MAGNET. A continuous data exchange between the two keeps the shared quantities (voltages and currents) synchronised.
The vector control of an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Brushless DC motor involves running both Simulink and Simcenter MAGNET transient solvers simultaneously.
Co-simulations allow the strengths of two separate simulators to be combined, in this case the powerful system-level simulation of Simulink with the dynamic electrical machine analysis of Simcenter MAGNET. A continuous data exchange between the two keeps the shared quantities (voltages and currents) synchronised.
